نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
مدرس، گروه علمی مهندسی پدافند غیرعامل، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی، دانشگاه افسری و تربیت پاسداری امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Water security in Iran, as a country characterized by arid and semi-arid climates, requires decision-making that simultaneously satisfies economic logic and the requirements of passive defense. This paper employs an analytical–comparative approach to evaluate three intervention portfolios: dam construction, watershed management, and managed aquifer recharge (MAR). The study framework includes: (1) economic analysis (capital and operational costs, direct and indirect benefits, and cost–benefit analysis); (2) passive-defense assessment using indicators of vulnerability, concentration versus dispersion, recovery time, and hardening capacity under scenarios of natural and human-made threats; and (3) multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) incorporating economic, passive-defense, and socio-environmental weightings. International evidence shows that nature-based solutions (watershed management and MAR) can complement gray infrastructure, contributing effectively to flood-risk reduction, water-quality improvement, groundwater recharge, and network resilience. In contrast, dams offer economies of scale for flow regulation and energy production but, due to their infrastructural centralization, generate higher systemic and targetability risks and typically exhibit longer recovery times; therefore, they require stringent safety and maintenance standards. The findings—drawing on documented cases of water-infrastructure resilience and dam-safety guidelines—confirm that a hybrid package consisting of optimally scaled, hardened dams combined with an extensive watershed/MAR network provides the best alignment with Iran’s economic, security, and environmental constraints, while also offering superior phasing flexibility and social participatory potential.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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